Abstract: A comprehensive ecological assessment was conducted to support conservation strategies for wild Cymbidium kanran Makino in Jiangshi Provincial Nature Reserve, Fujian Province. The study focused on spatial co-distribution patterns and resource utilization efficiency among dominant herbaceous taxa within the C. kanran community. Based on 12 systematically surveyed 5 m×5 m quadrats, the top 15 species by importance value were evaluated using niche breadth indices (B_L, B_S), niche overlap (O_ik), variance ratio (VR), χ² test, and both Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. Results showed that C. kanran had the highest importance value in the herbaceous layer, followed by Diplopterygium glaucum (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Nakai, with the remaining species exhibiting comparatively low importance values. Among the 15 dominant species, D. glaucum demonstrated the broadest niche, followed by C. kanran, while Selaginella uncinata (Desv.) Spring, Lobelia chinensis Lour., Commelina communis L., and Amomum villosum Lour. occupied the narrowest niche ranges. The mean niche overlap among species was 0.6, with C. kanran exhibiting high overlap values (>0.9) with D. glaucum, Lophatherum gracile Brongn., and others, indicating similar resource utilization patterns. Interspecific association analysis indicated predominantly non-significant pairwise relationships, and the overall species interaction network was characterized by a significantly negative association structure, with antagonistic interactions prevailing over facilitative ones. These findings suggest ecological instability within the C. kanran herbaceous assemblage, reflected in poor species adaptability, intense interspecific competition, and inconsistent interaction patterns among dominant species. Effective conservation of wild C. kanran should therefore focus on modulating interspecific dynamics, promoting mutually beneficial ecological interactions, and enhancing the intensity of species associations to strengthen ecosystem resilience.