Abstract: Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) is an effective tool for mapping specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, interphase nuclei, and DNA fibers. In recent years, rapid development of FISH has been made by improving resolution and sensitivity and by combining immunostaining, quantum dots and microfluidic chips, and other physical and chemical technologies. We reviewed the basic principles and research advances in FISH, especially the most recent technologies of immuno-FISH, quantum dot-FISH, and FISH on microchip. Their rapid, sensitive, dynamic, and diverse characteristics were also discussed. With its continued improvement and development, FISH will play an increasingly important role in cytogenetics, epigenetics, molecular biology and other research areas.