Abstract: Ammopiptanthus nanus (M. Pop.) Cheng f. is the only evergreen broad-leaved tree species in the extreme arid desert environment, which makes it an excellent plant material for research on plant stress resistance. In this paper, we summarize the community ecology, anatomy, reproductive ecology, genetic diversity, physiological, and molecular biological responses to stress of A. nanus. The purpose of this study was to provide references for the development and utilization of A. nanus, maintenance of species diversity in desert areas, and construction of the ecological environment.