Abstract: The trehalose-6-phosphate metabolic pathway is an important component of the plant physiological regulation network in response to abiotic stress. Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) is a key gene for trehalose synthesis in plants. To better understand the role of the TPS gene in plant response to abiotic stress and regulation of flowering time, this study presents an overview of current information on the phylogenetics and sequence structure of plant TPS gene family members, as well as the regulatory function and molecular mechanism of TPS in plant responses to drought, salt damage, high temperature, and low temperature stress, and research progress regarding its effects on plant flowering regulation. This study presents a comprehensive summary of research progress on the TPS gene in response to abiotic stress and flowering regulation, while also providing future research directions and potential applications of TPS homologs.