Abstract: The green algal genus Cephaleuros belongs to class Ulvophyceae, order Trentepohliales, and family Trentepohliaceae. Domestic study on Cephaleuros has primarily focused on its harm to cash crops and ornamental plants, with detailed taxonomic studies remaining scarce. Here, we conducted a comprehensive and systematic study on the diversity of the Cephaleuros genus in China. From 2012 to 2018, more than 60 specimens of Cephaleuros were collected from several provinces in China, and morphological taxonomic analysis was carried out. In total, six newly recorded species were observed, including Cephaleuros parasiticus Karsten, Cephaleuros drouetii Thompson & Wujek, Cephaleuros tumidae-setae Thompson & Wujek, Cephaleuros diffusus Thompson & Wujek, Cephaleuros expansa Thompson & Wujek, and Cephaleuros henningsii Schmidle. Their morphological characteristics were described here in detail and photos of the six newly recorded species were provided.