Abstract: Orychophragmus is an important resource genus with diverse uses and high economic value. Here, we briefly reviewed past advances in the taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship, tissue culture, intergeneric hybrids, resistance, nutrient constituents and cultivation of this important resource genus. We also suggested a series of future study strategies for key issues in this genus, such as species delimitation, speciation history, adaptation mechanism, genetic resources mining, cross-breeding, and resource utilization. These studies will provide an important base for studying plant evolution, domestication and utilization of wild resources such as Orychophragmus.