Abstract: Betula halophila Ching ex P. C. Li is one of the 120 plant species with extremely small populations (PSESP) in China and is only distributed in the Altay region of Xinjiang. To understand the effects of environmental adaptation and strong coastal winds on seedling growth during ex-situ conservation, we investigated two populations of B. halophila at the ex-situ conservation base in Yantai, Shandong. Plant traits, leaf traits, and leaf biochemical stoichiometry were studied. Independent sample t-test and Bayesian analysis of variance were used to compare and analyze the ex-situ conservation populations in Shandong and Xinjiang. Results showed that after three years of growth, B. halophila exhibited good adaptability in Yantai and bore fruit in one growth cycle. Establishing wind barriers can provide protection for seedlings during winter. At the same time, the relatively stable environment created by wind barriers could enhance the utilization of B. halophila resources and the environment.